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titanates are compounds that contain titanium oxide and at least one other metallic element. They are used in piezoceramic devices and also exhibit unique luminescence properties. titanates are a class of inorganic particulate materials with crystalline surfaces that readily bind metal ions. The ability to bind metal ions makes titanates a promising tool for scavenging toxic metal ions in environmental contexts or for delivering them into cells in therapeutic contexts while limiting systemic exposure and toxicity.

Although early studies with native titanates showed that they suppressed mammalian cell metabolism to varying extents, the effects of individual titanate-metal compounds were more consistent and dramatic. The most potent of these were APT compounds with cis-platin and Hg(II). In contrast, other titanate-metal combinations (Au(III), iridium oxide, octa titanium, and Pt(IV)) had only a modest effect on cellular metabolism. This suggests that the ability of titanates to inhibit mammalian cell metabolism is linked to their affinity for cells and their ability to facilitate transfer of metal ions into cells.

The exact nature of the interaction between titanates and metal ions depends on many factors including the metal ion charge, solution pH, and binding site availability on the titanate surface. In addition, the degree to which titanates interact with cells is influenced by particle size and shape, as well as their affinity for cells or culture vessels. As a result, the particulate nature of titanates interferes with many assays that depend on optical density measurements. However, substantial improvements in the means by which titanate-metal complexes are tested have been made.