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metallic foams are a promising material that combines the strength of metal with the lightness of a porous structure. Due to their unique properties, they are currently used in various fields including electromagnetic shielding, impact energy absorption, vibration reduction and heat dissipation. However, the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the industry negatively by slowing down production and causing shortages of raw materials. This is expected to ease in the future and will enable the production of metal foams that are even more lightweight and strong.

The process of creating metal foams is based on gas bubbles in a liquid-metal system that are separated from each other by thin films. Foams can be made of a wide variety of metals such as aluminum and its alloys, tin, zinc, brass, lead and gold. The density of the foam can be adjusted by altering the composition and temperature of the melting precursor. The final product is shaped by precision cutting with lasers.

The mechanical behavior of metal foams is characterized by a stress-displacement curve. The stress-strain relationship of a foam material is defined by the Young’s modulus and shear modulus. Several studies (Table 1) have been carried out to collect different experimental results for these mechanical parameters and compare them with theoretical values. In general, there is a good agreement between the results of different works for the Young’s and shear moduli, but for the elasticity modulus some differences between experimental and theoretical values exist. This may be due to the different structures of the specimens.